He'll be 2 years past surgery this summer, so it's not like he had it in January 2024 and is a little past one season.
While you want to be cautious, most pitchers that far from surgery aren't that vulnerable.
And it does matter how he develops velocity, some pitchers are "maximum effort" and put more stress on their arm, Painter may end up more like Wheeler, who has almost "effortless" velocity. I think some of this is mechanics where a big pitcher can use their legs and body as well as their arm to create velocity.
While I don't see him throwing 180 innings, I think he can go past 100 if it's spaced out with recovery time.
Once a week or so (i.e. skip him when there are off-days) would be around 20-25 starts at 5-6 IP.