I didn’t do a deep dive, but looking at pipeline’s top international list from 2023, the notable prospects are Sebastian Walcott, Ethan Salas, Felnin Celesten, Alfredo Duno, and Luis Morales all of who ranked above Caba. Of those, using Pipeline’s top 100 only Salas ($5.6M), Walcott ($3.2M), and Celesten ($4.6M) ranked above Caba.
It seems pretty clear Caba got paid at the caliber player he is. He is also near universally viewed as a better prospect than Crawford. Baseball America and Baseball Prospectus had him ranked higher, and he would have been ahead of Crawford on my own list. I don’t want to say the Phillies are good at this or there aren’t flaws, but you are tilting at windmills with a lot of your analysis on this, imaging that things exist (lower bonuses for top ranked players or good 16 year old pitching prospects) that just have no evidence that they exist.